Merlin
Falco columbarius
Meirliún
(Pen, Gouche,Acrylic on A2 Brown Paper)
Status: Local summer visitor to uplands throughout Ireland. Widespread winter visitor at lowland sites from October to April.
Conservation Concern: Amber-listed in Ireland due to its small breeding population. The European population is considered to be Secure.
Identification: A bird of prey (raptor) with a short hooked bill. A smallest species of falcon, similar to
Peregrine in shape, with relatively narrow wings and a medium length
tail. Nimble in flight, will pursue its prey for extended periods.
Fleeing prey, for example Meadow Pipits, will occasionally associate with humans to avoid Merlin's which are in
close pursuit. Males and females have different plumage's. Adult males
have blue-grey upper-parts with a wide dark band on the end of the tail
and dark outer wing feathers, the underparts are finely barred; the
chest is orangey yellow. Females are brown-grey above with a number of
dark thick bands on its tail, the underparts are finely barred. Both
sexes show a faint moustachial strip. Juvenile birds are very similar to
females.
Call: Silent except in the area of its nesting site. A series of sharp accelerating notes.
Diet: Small
birds, such as Meadow Pipits and Skylarks. Prey is caught by surprise
attack from a low gliding flight close to the ground, by persistence
pursuit or from a vertical dive.
Breeding: A rare breeding bird in Ireland.
Nests on the ground on moorland, mountain and blanket bog. Also nests
in woodland and has taken to nesting in forestry plantations adjacent to
moorland. More Merlins are found in the west of the country but they
are scattered across the midlands and the Wicklow Mountains also hold good numbers.
Wintering: Much
more widely distributed in the winter, than in the breeding season.
Merlins move away from high ground at this time of the year and can
often be seen on the coast, where concentrations of other birds are attractive as prey species.
Where to see: A
difficult species to see. Most birdwatchers will see them over wetlands
in the winter months whilst looking at waders and wildfowl. Hill-walkers
also stand a chance of spotting them during the breeding season
Monitored by: Countryside Bird Survey